INS insulin [Homo sapiens (human)]

Summary
mRNA and Protein
Pathway
Homologues
Gene Ontology
Links to Other Databases

Gene Symbol	INS
Entrez Gene ID	3630
Full Name	insulin
Synonyms	IDDM2, ILPR, IRDN, MODY10
Gene Type	protein-coding
Organism	Homo sapiens (human)
Genome	Chromosome:11 Map Location:11p15.5
Summary	After removal of the precursor signal peptide, proinsulin is post-translationally cleaved into three peptides: the B chain and A chain peptides, which are covalently linked via two disulfide bonds to form insulin, and C-peptide. Binding of insulin to the insulin receptor (INSR) stimulates glucose uptake. A multitude of mutant alleles with phenotypic effects have been identified. There is a read-through gene, INS-IGF2, which overlaps with this gene at the 5' region and with the IGF2 gene at the 3' region. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq].
Disorder	MIM: 176730 Hyperproinsulinemia, familial, with or without diabetes (3);

mRNA	NM_000207, 109148525
Protein	NP_000198, 4557671
Product	insulin preproprotein
RefSeq Status	REVIEWED
mRNA	NM_001185097, 297374820
Protein	NP_001172026, 297374821
Product	insulin preproprotein
RefSeq Status	REVIEWED
mRNA	NM_001185098, 297374822
Protein	NP_001172027, 297374823
Product	insulin preproprotein
RefSeq Status	REVIEWED

KEGG

hsa04914	Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation
hsa04810	Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
hsa04140	Regulation of autophagy
hsa04114	Oocyte meiosis
hsa04950	Maturity onset diabetes of the young
hsa04930	Type II diabetes mellitus
hsa04960	Aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption
hsa05215	Prostate cancer
hsa04150	mTOR signaling pathway
hsa04940	Type I diabetes mellitus
hsa04910	Insulin signaling pathway

WikiPathways

WP236	Adipogenesis
WP15	Selenium Pathway
WP176	Folate Metabolism
WP615	Senescence and Autophagy

Pathway Interaction Database

hnf3apathway	FOXA1 transcription factor network
insulin_glucose_pathway	Insulin-mediated glucose transport
insulin_pathway	Insulin Pathway
tcptp_pathway	Signaling events mediated by TCPTP
arf6_traffickingpathway	Arf6 trafficking events
atf2_pathway	ATF-2 transcription factor network
hnf3bpathway	FOXA2 and FOXA3 transcription factor networks
ptp1bpathway	Signaling events mediated by PTP1B

Reactome

REACT_1661	SHC activation
REACT_976	PI3K Cascade
REACT_498	Signaling by Insulin receptor
REACT_762	IRS-related events
REACT_1109	Insulin receptor recycling
REACT_999	SHC-related events
REACT_18325	Regulation of Insulin Secretion
REACT_332	IRS-mediated signalling
REACT_9470	Signaling by FGFR
REACT_21270	PI-3K cascade
REACT_21272	Downstream signaling of activated FGFR
REACT_570	IRS activation
REACT_13819	Regulation of gene expression in beta cells
REACT_1505	Integration of energy metabolism
REACT_508	Signal attenuation
REACT_13698	Regulation of beta-cell development
REACT_15550	Insulin Synthesis and Processing
REACT_19189	Synthesis, Secretion, and Deacylation of Ghrelin
REACT_1195	Insulin receptor signalling cascade
REACT_15380	Diabetes pathways

Homo sapiens (human)	INS	NP_000198.1
Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee)	INS	NP_001008996.1
Canis lupus familiaris (dog)	INS	XP_540786.1
Bos taurus (cattle)	INS	NP_776351.1
Mus musculus (house mouse)	Ins2	NP_032413.1
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ins2	NP_062003.1
Gallus gallus (chicken)	INS	NP_990553.1
Danio rerio (zebrafish)	LOC100334156	XP_002662092.1
Danio rerio (zebrafish)	ins	NP_571131.1

Process

ID	Name	Evidence
GO:0000165	MAPKKK cascade	IDA
GO:0002674	negative regulation of acute inflammatory response	IDA
GO:0005975	carbohydrate metabolic process	IEA
GO:0006006	glucose metabolic process	IEA
GO:0006112	energy reserve metabolic process	TAS
GO:0006355	regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent	NAS
GO:0006521	regulation of cellular amino acid metabolic process	IMP
GO:0006953	acute-phase response	IDA
GO:0007186	G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway	IDA
GO:0007267	cell-cell signaling	IC
GO:0008284	positive regulation of cell proliferation	IDA
GO:0008286	insulin receptor signaling pathway	TAS
GO:0008543	fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway	TAS
GO:0014068	positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade	IDA
GO:0015758	glucose transport	IDA
GO:0022898	regulation of transmembrane transporter activity	IDA
GO:0030307	positive regulation of cell growth	NAS
GO:0030335	positive regulation of cell migration	ISS
GO:0031018	endocrine pancreas development	TAS
GO:0031954	positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation	ISS
GO:0032148	activation of protein kinase B activity	IDA
GO:0032270	positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process	IMP
GO:0032880	regulation of protein localization	IDA
GO:0033861	negative regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity	IDA
GO:0042060	wound healing	IDA
GO:0042177	negative regulation of protein catabolic process	IDA
GO:0042593	glucose homeostasis	IMP
GO:0043066	negative regulation of apoptosis	NAS
GO:0043410	positive regulation of MAPKKK cascade	IDA
GO:0045429	positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process	NAS
GO:0045597	positive regulation of cell differentiation	NAS
GO:0045721	negative regulation of gluconeogenesis	NAS
GO:0045725	positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process	IDA
GO:0045740	positive regulation of DNA replication	IDA
GO:0045818	negative regulation of glycogen catabolic process	IMP
GO:0045821	positive regulation of glycolysis	IDA
GO:0045821	positive regulation of glycolysis	IMP
GO:0045840	positive regulation of mitosis	IDA
GO:0045861	negative regulation of proteolysis	IMP
GO:0045908	negative regulation of vasodilation	NAS
GO:0045909	positive regulation of vasodilation	NAS
GO:0045922	negative regulation of fatty acid metabolic process	IMP
GO:0046326	positive regulation of glucose import	IDA
GO:0046628	positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway	IDA
GO:0046631	alpha-beta T cell activation	IDA
GO:0046889	positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process	NAS
GO:0050708	regulation of protein secretion	IDA
GO:0050709	negative regulation of protein secretion	IDA
GO:0050715	positive regulation of cytokine secretion	IDA
GO:0050731	positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	IDA
GO:0050796	regulation of insulin secretion	TAS
GO:0050995	negative regulation of lipid catabolic process	NAS
GO:0051000	positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity	NAS
GO:0051092	positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	IDA
GO:0051897	positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade	IDA
GO:0055089	fatty acid homeostasis	IMP
GO:0060266	negative regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response	IDA
GO:0060267	positive regulation of respiratory burst	IDA
GO:2000252	negative regulation of feeding behavior	IDA

Component

ID	Name	Evidence
GO:0005576	extracellular region	EXP
GO:0005576	extracellular region	IC
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS
GO:0005615	extracellular space	IDA
GO:0005788	endoplasmic reticulum lumen	TAS
GO:0031904	endosome lumen	TAS

Function

ID	Name	Evidence
GO:0005158	insulin receptor binding	IDA
GO:0005158	insulin receptor binding	IPI
GO:0005159	insulin-like growth factor receptor binding	IPI
GO:0005179	hormone activity	IC
GO:0005179	hormone activity	IMP
GO:0005179	hormone activity	NAS
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI

GeneCards	INS
PDB	1HIT, 2HHO, 3I3Z, 2W44, 2C8Q, 2OMH, 1TYL, 2C8R, 3HYD, 3E7Z, 1T1K, 2WRV, 2JUM, 1AIY, 2JUV, 3I40, 2K9R, 1XDA, 1HTV, 1MSO, 1UZ9, 2WS6, 2OLY, 1FUB, 3ILG, 3BRR, 1TYM, 1HUI, 2VK0, 1VKT, 2CEU, 1T1Q, 1HLS, 1QJ0, 2WS0, 2QIU, 2OMG, 1FU2, 1MHJ, 2JV1, 1SJT, 1QIY, 1IOG, 3IR0, 2VJZ, 2KJJ, 1IOH, 1TRZ, 1EVR, 3BXQ, 1SJU, 1EV3, 2RN5, 1RWE, 2G54, 1OS4, 1GUJ, 1AI0, 1SF1, 1JCO, 1JCA, 1ZEG, 1OS3, 2G56, 1XGL, 2KQQ, 2JUU, 1QIZ, 1T0C, 2OLZ, 3KQ6, 1G7B, 2WBY, 2JMN, 2AIY, 2R34, 1EV6, 1Q4V, 3JSD, 2WS7, 2HH4, 2H67, 4AIY, 3INC, 1J73, 2K91, 1K3M, 1MHI, 2WC0, 2HIU, 1KMF, 2WRW, 2R36, 1XW7, 3FQ9, 2OM0, 3EXX, 5AIY, 2OMI, 1G7A, 2KQP, 2WS4, 1ZNJ, 1ZEH, 2R35, 1HIS, 1B9E, 3AIY, 1W8P, 2OM1, 2WS1, 2JZQ, 3E7Y, 2WRX, 1HIQ, 1LPH, 1EFE, 1A7F, 1T1P, 2WRU, 1BEN, 2KJU, 1LKQ
UniProt	P01308
MIM	176730
Ensembl	ENSG00000254647
HGNC	6081
HPRD	01455

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RefSeq Accession	Definition	Sequence	Price	Select
NM_000207	Homo sapiens insulin (INS), transcript variant 1, mRNA.	Full Length	$159.00
NM_000207	Homo sapiens insulin (INS), transcript variant 1, mRNA.	ORF Sequence	$159.00
NM_001185097	Homo sapiens insulin (INS), transcript variant 2, mRNA.	Full Length	$159.00
NM_001185097	Homo sapiens insulin (INS), transcript variant 2, mRNA.	ORF Sequence	$159.00
NM_001185098	Homo sapiens insulin (INS), transcript variant 3, mRNA.	Full Length	$187.92
NM_001185098	Homo sapiens insulin (INS), transcript variant 3, mRNA.	ORF Sequence	$159.00