Sequence in raw or FASTA format:

TNF tumor necrosis factor [Homo sapiens (human)]

Summary
mRNA and Protein
Pathway
Homologues
Gene Ontology
Links to Other Databases

Gene Symbol	TNF
Entrez Gene ID	7124
Full Name	tumor necrosis factor
Synonyms	DIF, TNF-alpha, TNFA, TNFSF2
Gene Type	protein-coding
Organism	Homo sapiens (human)
Genome	Chromosome:6 Map Location:6p21.3
Summary	This gene encodes a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. This cytokine is mainly secreted by macrophages. It can bind to, and thus functions through its receptors TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. This cytokine is involved in the regulation of a wide spectrum of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and coagulation. This cytokine has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including autoimmune diseases, insulin resistance, and cancer. Knockout studies in mice also suggested the neuroprotective function of this cytokine. [provided by RefSeq].
Disorder	MIM: 191160 {Malaria, cerebral, susceptibility to}, 611162 (3); {Septic shock,

mRNA	NM_000594, 25952110
Protein	NP_000585, 25952111
Product	tumor necrosis factor
RefSeq Status	REVIEWED

KEGG

hsa05322	Systemic lupus erythematosus
hsa04622	RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway
hsa04380	Osteoclast differentiation
hsa05310	Asthma
hsa05140	Leishmaniasis
hsa05142	Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis)
hsa04010	MAPK signaling pathway
hsa04920	Adipocytokine signaling pathway
hsa04612	Antigen processing and presentation
hsa04650	Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
hsa05010	Alzheimer's disease
hsa05332	Graft-versus-host disease
hsa05414	Dilated cardiomyopathy
hsa04350	TGF-beta signaling pathway
hsa05330	Allograft rejection
hsa04940	Type I diabetes mellitus
hsa05410	Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
hsa04930	Type II diabetes mellitus
hsa05143	African trypanosomiasis
hsa04660	T cell receptor signaling pathway
hsa04060	Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
hsa05146	Amoebiasis
hsa04210	Apoptosis
hsa04640	Hematopoietic cell lineage
hsa05323	Rheumatoid arthritis
hsa04620	Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
hsa04621	NOD-like receptor signaling pathway
hsa05145	Toxoplasmosis
hsa05014	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
hsa05144	Malaria
hsa05160	Hepatitis C
hsa04664	Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway

Pathway Interaction Database

hdac_classi_pathway	Signaling events mediated by HDAC Class I
ceramide_pathway	Ceramide signaling pathway
cd8tcrdownstreampathway	Downstream signaling in naive CD8+ T cells
rxr_vdr_pathway	RXR and RAR heterodimerization with other nuclear receptor
nfkappabcanonicalpathway	Canonical NF-kappaB pathway
tnfpathway	TNF receptor signaling pathway
angiopoietinreceptor_pathway	Angiopoietin receptor Tie2-mediated signaling
il23pathway	IL23-mediated signaling events
il27pathway	IL27-mediated signaling events
nfat_tfpathway	Calcineurin-regulated NFAT-dependent transcription in lymphocytes
caspase_pathway	Caspase cascade in apoptosis
anthraxpathway	Cellular roles of Anthrax toxin
hivnefpathway	HIV-1 Nef: Negative effector of Fas and TNF-alpha
amb2_neutrophils_pathway	amb2 Integrin signaling

WikiPathways

WP129	Matrix Metalloproteinases
WP382	MAPK signaling pathway
WP254	Apoptosis
WP706	SIDS Susceptibility Pathways
WP530	Cytokines and Inflammatory Response
WP560	TGF Beta Signaling Pathway
WP75	Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
WP314	FAS pathway and Stress induction of HSP regulation
WP727	Monoamine Transport
WP15	Selenium Pathway
WP236	Adipogenesis
WP231	TNF-alpha/NF-kB Signaling Pathway
WP1544	MicroRNAs in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy

Reactome

REACT_1432	TNF signaling
REACT_1059	Extrinsic Pathway for Apoptosis
REACT_578	Apoptosis
REACT_1619	Death Receptor Signalling

Homo sapiens (human)	TNF	NP_000585.2
Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee)	TNF	XP_001152827.1
Canis lupus familiaris (dog)	TNF	XP_858423.1
Bos taurus (cattle)	TNF	NP_776391.2
Mus musculus (house mouse)	Tnf	NP_038721.1
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Tnf	NP_036807.1

Process

ID	Name	Evidence
GO:0000060	protein import into nucleus, translocation	IDA
GO:0000122	negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter	IEA
GO:0000185	activation of MAPKKK activity	IDA
GO:0000187	activation of MAPK activity	IDA
GO:0001666	response to hypoxia	IEA
GO:0001775	cell activation	IEA
GO:0001819	positive regulation of cytokine production	IDA
GO:0001934	positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	IDA
GO:0002037	negative regulation of L-glutamate transport	IEA
GO:0002439	chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus	IMP
GO:0002740	negative regulation of cytokine secretion involved in immune response	IDA
GO:0002876	positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus	IEA
GO:0002925	positive regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin	IEA
GO:0003009	skeletal muscle contraction	IEA
GO:0006006	glucose metabolic process	IEA
GO:0006915	apoptosis	TAS
GO:0006916	anti-apoptosis	IDA
GO:0006917	induction of apoptosis	IDA
GO:0006919	activation of caspase activity	IDA
GO:0006927	transformed cell apoptosis	IDA
GO:0006954	inflammatory response	IDA
GO:0006959	humoral immune response	IEA
GO:0007165	signal transduction	IEA
GO:0007275	multicellular organismal development	IEA
GO:0008285	negative regulation of cell proliferation	IEA
GO:0008624	induction of apoptosis by extracellular signals	IDA
GO:0008624	induction of apoptosis by extracellular signals	TAS
GO:0008625	induction of apoptosis via death domain receptors	IDA
GO:0009612	response to mechanical stimulus	IEA
GO:0009615	response to virus	IDA
GO:0009651	response to salt stress	TAS
GO:0009887	organ morphogenesis	IEA
GO:0010888	negative regulation of lipid storage	NAS
GO:0010940	positive regulation of necrotic cell death	TAS
GO:0014823	response to activity	IEA
GO:0019722	calcium-mediated signaling	IEA
GO:0030198	extracellular matrix organization	IEA
GO:0030730	sequestering of triglyceride	IDA
GO:0031334	positive regulation of protein complex assembly	IDA
GO:0031622	positive regulation of fever generation	ISS
GO:0032715	negative regulation of interleukin-6 production	IDA
GO:0032722	positive regulation of chemokine production	IDA
GO:0032729	positive regulation of interferon-gamma production	IEA
GO:0032755	positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	IEA
GO:0032800	receptor biosynthetic process	IDA
GO:0033138	positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	IDA
GO:0033209	tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway	IMP
GO:0034116	positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion	IDA
GO:0042346	positive regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus	IDA
GO:0042493	response to drug	IEA
GO:0043066	negative regulation of apoptosis	IDA
GO:0043122	regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade	IDA
GO:0043123	positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade	IDA
GO:0043243	positive regulation of protein complex disassembly	IDA
GO:0043406	positive regulation of MAP kinase activity	IDA
GO:0043525	positive regulation of neuron apoptosis	IEA
GO:0044130	negative regulation of growth of symbiont in host	IEA
GO:0045071	negative regulation of viral genome replication	IDA
GO:0045080	positive regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process	IDA
GO:0045429	positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process	IDA
GO:0045599	negative regulation of fat cell differentiation	NAS
GO:0045672	positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation	IDA
GO:0045840	positive regulation of mitosis	IEA
GO:0045892	negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent	IDA
GO:0045893	positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent	IDA
GO:0045944	positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter	IGI
GO:0045994	positive regulation of translational initiation by iron	IEA
GO:0046325	negative regulation of glucose import	IEA
GO:0046330	positive regulation of JNK cascade	IEA
GO:0048566	embryonic digestive tract development	IEP
GO:0048661	positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	IDA
GO:0050715	positive regulation of cytokine secretion	IDA
GO:0050796	regulation of insulin secretion	IDA
GO:0050806	positive regulation of synaptic transmission	IEA
GO:0050830	defense response to Gram-positive bacterium	IEA
GO:0050901	leukocyte tethering or rolling	IDA
GO:0050995	negative regulation of lipid catabolic process	IDA
GO:0051023	regulation of immunoglobulin secretion	IEA
GO:0051044	positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis	IDA
GO:0051091	positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity	IDA
GO:0051092	positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	IDA
GO:0051222	positive regulation of protein transport	IDA
GO:0051384	response to glucocorticoid stimulus	IDA
GO:0051533	positive regulation of NFAT protein import into nucleus	IDA
GO:0051798	positive regulation of hair follicle development	IEA
GO:0060555	induction of necroptosis by extracellular signals	IDA
GO:0060557	positive regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process	IDA
GO:0060559	positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity	IDA
GO:0060664	epithelial cell proliferation involved in salivary gland morphogenesis	IEA
GO:0060693	regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis	IEA
GO:0061048	negative regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis	IDA
GO:0070265	necrotic cell death	IDA
GO:0070374	positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	NAS
GO:0071316	cellular response to nicotine	IDA
GO:0071803	positive regulation of podosome assembly	IDA

Component

ID	Name	Evidence
GO:0001891	phagocytic cup	ISS
GO:0005576	extracellular region	IEA
GO:0005615	extracellular space	IDA
GO:0005622	intracellular	IEA
GO:0005886	plasma membrane	EXP
GO:0005887	integral to plasma membrane	IDA
GO:0009897	external side of plasma membrane	ISS
GO:0009986	cell surface	IDA
GO:0045121	membrane raft	IDA
GO:0055037	recycling endosome	ISS

Function

ID	Name	Evidence
GO:0002020	protease binding	IPI
GO:0005125	cytokine activity	IDA
GO:0005164	tumor necrosis factor receptor binding	IDA
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI
GO:0042802	identical protein binding	IDA

GeneCards	TNF
PDB	2ZJC, 2TUN, 2ZPX, 2E7A, 3IT8, 3ALQ, 2AZ5, 1TNF, 4TSV, 5TSW, 3L9J, 1A8M
UniProt	Q5STB3, C1K3N5, P01375
MIM	191160
Ensembl	ENSG00000232810
HGNC	11892
HPRD	01855

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RefSeq Accession	Definition	Sequence	Price	Select
NM_000594	Homo sapiens tumor necrosis factor (TNF), mRNA.	Full Length	$484.01
NM_000594	Homo sapiens tumor necrosis factor (TNF), mRNA.	ORF Sequence	$203.58