gel shift assay (electrophoretic mobility shift assay; EMSA)
A method to identify by function a band on a polyacrylamide gel. electrophoresis is performed on a mixture of proteins before and after treatment with a strong ligand that is specific to one component, and note is made of the absence or shift in position of a protein due to prior binding to the ligand. A variant is the gel retardation assay, an approach to detecting DNA-binding proteins by their ability to bind to a short radiolabelled DNA fragment and, as a result, decrease its electrophoretic mobility in a gel.
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