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at Related Biological Terms:

axial ratio

A measure of the asymmetry of a macromolecule, assumed to be an ellipsoid, given by the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis; it is evaluated from physical properties, e.g. hydrodynamic behaviour, light scattering.

Beer-Lambert equation

A= c·l; a quantitative definition of the dependence of the absorbance of monochromatic light, A, on the molar absorption coefficient, , the concentration of the chromophore, c, and the length of the light path, l.

backbone cyclization

An approach to design of polypeptide-like drugs, in which the C- or N-termini or side chains are linked to each other (end-to-end, side chain-to-side chain, or end-to-side chain) in order to impose conformational restraints and thus limit proteolytic degradation and enhance binding to a target site.Gilon, C., Halle, D., Chorev, M., Selinger, Z. and Byk, G. (1991) Biopolymers 31, 745-750

band centrifugation

(= density-gradient centrifugation)

basal metabolic rate

(= resting metabolic rate (RMR))

basolateral

Descriptive of the border of an epithelial cell that is attached to the basement membrane. (see also apical (luminal))

bathochromic shift

A shift to longer wavelengths.

beta (β)-configuration

(see alpha (α)-configuration)

beta (β)-oxidation

The series of enzymic reactions that oxidizes fatty acyl-CoA esters and shortens them by removal of the C-terminal two carbon atoms as acetyl-CoA. More narrowly, it is the oxidation of a compound, such as a fatty acid, at the β-carbon.

beta (β)-oxidative decarboxylation

(see oxidative decarboxylation)

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