Quantification
QC Methods | Testing Basis and Advantages | Applicable Scope |
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Microplate reader / Nanodrop | Quantitative analysis to confirm the total amount or concentration of the sample. | Chemosynthetic DNA and RNA oligo including modified oligonucleotides. |
ddPCR |
Divide the sample into many small reaction units and perform PCR amplification in each unit to quantify the copy number of target accurately. Advantages:
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Purity detection
QC Methods | Testing Basis and Advantages | Applicable Scope |
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PAGE |
The sample must be electrophoresed on a polyacrylamide gel, resulting in different bands according to molecular weight. By comparing the sample bands to a Marker, the purity of the target component is determined. Advantages:
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Identify purity of complex sequences, such as annealed double-stranded oligo, degenerate oligo, long sequences, etc. Suitable for the screening stage of candidate molecules.
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HPLC | Quantitative analysis of oligo purity is performed through reverse phase/ion exchange/size exclusion chromatography (SEC) . | Chemosynthetic DNA and RNA oligo including modified oligonucleotides. |
2100 Bioanalyzer |
Based on capillary electrophoresis (CE) technology, the purity of the sample is quantified by comparing the peak area of the sample to the area of a known concentration of marker or ladder. Advantages:
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Purity detection of nucleic acid samples with larger molecular weights such as ssDNA/dsDNA. |
Impurity detection
QC Methods | Testing Basis and Advantages | Applicable Scope |
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LC-MS |
Detect impurity such as N-1, metal chelation, desulfurization, depurination etc., utilizing the capability of liquid chromatography to separate compounds as well as mass spectrometry to identify components. Determining purity, and carry out component identification. Advantages:
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Used for detecting oligo full-length sequence purity and molecular weight identification, clarifying impurity types, semi-quantitative impurity (impurity proportion), suitable for chemosynthetic DNA and RNA oligos (within 200 nt). |
Endotoxin detection |
Semi-quantitative detection of endotoxins by Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) reagent to avoid endotoxin interference on downstream experiments. Provides options for <1 EU/mg, <2 EU/mg, or other customized request. Advantages:
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Detect endotoxins in samples used for animal experiments, and experiments involving endotoxin-sensitive cells (such as stem cells, etc.) |
Other impurity | Customized testing for elemental impurities, salt/solvent residues, and microbiological limits. | - |
Sequence Identification
QC Methods | Testing Basis and Advantages | Applicable Scope |
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MS | Qualitative analysis of oligo samples to determine the absence of target sequence. | Chemosynthetic DNA and RNA oligos, including modified oligos. |
LC-MS/MS sequencing |
The mass detection alone cannot fully confirm the accuracy of the synthesized sequence. LC MSMS sequencing, on the other hand, can ensure the accuracy of the sequence arrangement and different modifications on the sequence. LC MSMS sequencing is implemented by matching the product ion masses (m/z at MS2 level) with the theoretical MS/MS spectrum. Advantages:
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NGS |
Utilize sequence by synthesis (SBS), where fluorescence signals are recorded by optical equipment and converted into base information through computer analysis. |
Sequencing of single-stranded and double-stranded DNA, RNA samples, or library samples, such as:
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Third generation sequencing |
Nanopore platform: Nanopore sequencing technology based on electrical signal detection. Advantages:
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Sequencing of single-stranded and double-stranded DNA, RNA samples, or library samples, such as:
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QC for qPCR probe & primer
QC Methods | Testing Basis and Advantages | Applicable Scope |
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Human source contamination (HSC) detection |
Test for the presence of human genomic DNA template contamination in samples, and also support the customized detection of exogenous contaminants such as E.coli. Advantages:
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For orders requiring control of exogenous genes and environmental contamination. Identify the type and degree of exogenous contamination through specific TaqMan probes.
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No template control (NTC) detection |
Test to find whether qPCR probes and primers exhibit abnormal amplification signals in the negative control group without positive control templates and sample templates, thereby avoiding false positives. Advantages:
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Fluorescence enhancement through enzymatic cleavage |
By detecting the increase in fluorescence post-enzyme digestion, confirm the fluorescence functionality of the dual-labeled oligos. Make sure the fluorescence and quenching functionality of dual-labeled oligos such as TaqMan probes and molecular beacons, allowing for rapid testing. Advantages:
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