The cathelicidin anti-microbial peptide LL-37 is involved in the reepithelialization of human skin wounds and is lacking in chronic ulcer epithelium. LL-37(human) is a cathelicidin-derived peptide with antimicrobial and angiogenic activity.

The a-helix of the amphipathic peptide antibiotic LAH4 (KKALLALALHHLAHLALHLALALKKA-NH2) strongly interacts with phospholipid membranes, demonstrating in vitro transfection efficiencies comparable to those of commercially available reagents.

pheromone moth; mating animals

The alpha factor pheromone arrests yeast in the G1 phase of their cell cycle. Alpha Factor Mating Pheromone induces the expression of mating genes, changes in nuclear architecture, and polarzes growth toward the mating partner. STE2 encodes the alpha factor pheromone receptor (a GPCR) found on mating-type-A cells in yeast.

This peptide is a 1 to 20 amino acid fragment of the interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP). IRBP is a 140-kDa glycolipoprotein residing in the interphotoreceptor matrix between the neural retina and the retinal pigment epithelium. Human IRBP peptide 1-20 contains a major epitope for the H-2b haplotype. Immunization with IRBP (1 – 20) induces T-cell–mediated experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) disease. The pathology of disease induced by the peptide, or by adoptive transfer of cells specific to the peptide, is similar to that induced by the whole IRBP protein.

The TAT peptide (GRKKRRQRRRPQ) is derived from the transactivator of transcription (TAT) of human immunodeficiency virus and is a Cell-penetrating peptides. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been used to overcome the lipophilic barrier of the cellular membranes and deliver large molecules and even small particles inside the cell for their biological actions. CPPs are being used to deliver inside cell a large variety of cargoes such as proteins, DNA, antibodies, contrast (imaging) agents, toxins, and nanoparticular drug carriers including liposomes.

The cathelicidin anti-microbial peptide LL-37 corresponds to aa 134-170 of the human cationic antimicrobial protein 18 (hCAP18). This peptide is the scrambled version.

A TAT(Transactivated-transcripiton) peptide derived from the HIV TAT protein has the ability to transduce peptides or proteins into various cells.

Rabies Virus Glycoprotein

This peptide is a 29 amino acid fragment generated from rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG). This peptide specifically binds to the acetylcholine receptor expressed by neuronal cells.

The bradykinin (BK) fragment (1-5) (RPPGF) is among the most stable of naturally occurring metabolites. Bradykinin (1-5) may be used as a marker for BK production in vivo. It is known that an intact Arg residue in the C-terminus is required for certain biological activities. BK 1-5 is the smallest peptide that can inhibit α-thrombin-induced platelet aggregation and secretion and calcium mobilization. Bradykinin (1-5) also prevents α-thrombin from cleaving the thrombin receptor peptide, NATLDPRSFLLR, between arginine and serine. Such antithrombin activities of BK 1-5 may contribute to the cardioprotective nature of kinins.

Bradykinin is an activates pain receptors. Bradykinin induces smooth muscle contraction; activates Ca2+-dependent nitric oxide synthetase. Bradykinin can also increase capillary permeability. Bradykinin is a potent stimulator of nitric oxide formation by vascular endothelium. Bradykinin also stimulates prostacyclin formation.