Cell Biology Products

GenScript's Apoptosis Detection Kits are designed for biomedical research and the analysis of the efficiency of pro- and anti-apoptotic compounds.

TUNEL (TdT-Mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling) Detection Kits: TUNEL-staining is usually more challenging in paraffin-embedded tissues due to the protein cross-linking caused by fixatives. GenScript's TUNEL Apoptosis Detection Kits are specifically designed to detect apoptosis in paraffin-embedded and frozen attached cells and tissue sections. The kits employ either biotin or FITC-labeled nucleotides.

Annexin V-EGFP Kits: Apoptotic cells are known to display phosphatidylserine (PS) molecules on their outer membranes, which allow safe clearance of apoptotic debris without activating inflammatory pathways. To better distinguish between apoptotic and necrotic cells, GenScript uses a second fluorescent dye, propidium iodide (PI), that only enters necrotic cells across damaged membranes. GenScript’s Annexin V-EGFP Apoptosis Detection Kit is nonenzymatic, does not require fixation, and is suitable for both adherent and suspension cells. It uses annexin V fused with EGFP to detect PS by light microscopy or flow cytometry.

Caspase Activity Assay Kits: The disadvantages of the caspase method include the transient nature of caspase expression and the fact that caspase activation may not necessarily lead to apoptosis. GenScript offers a series of Caspase Colorimetric Assay Kits for assaying the activities of caspases 2, 3, 6, 8,[comma] and 9 using either a spectrophotometer or a microtiter plate reader.

Mitochondrial Apoptosis Detection Kit (JC-1): The kit utilizes JC-1, a cationic dye that fluoresces differently in healthy cells and in apoptotic cells. In healthy cells, JC-1 accumulates and aggregates in the mitocondria, giving off a bright red fluorescence. In apoptotic cells, the altered mitochondrial transmembrane potential causes JC-1 to remain in the cytoplasm in its monomer form, fluorescing green. The fluorescent signals can be easily detected by fluorescence microscopy using a band-pass filter (detects FITC and rhodamine) or analyzed by flow cytometry using the FITC channel for green monomers (Ex/Em =488/530+ 30 nm) and the PI channel for red aggregates (Ex/Em =488/590+ 42 nm).

Color Flow Cytometry Assay Kit:

• Cell Apoptosis DAPI Detection Kit: The one-color flow cytometry assay kit contains diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)DNA-specific dye. This dye can pass through intact, living cell membranes, and uptake of DAPI, leaving a stronger blue stain.


• Cell Apoptosis PI Detection Kit: The one-color flow cytometry assay kit includes includes ready-to-use propidium iodide (PI), a DNA-specific red-fluorescence dye (excitation/emission maxima ≈535/617 nm).


• Double Stain Apoptosis Detection Kit (Hoechst 33342/PI): The simple and rapid two-color flow cytometry assay that uses Hoechst 33342, a type of blue-fluorescence dye (excitation/emission maxima ≈350/461 nm when bound to DNA), stains the condensed chromatin in apoptotic cells more brightly than normal chromatin.

Quick Cell Counting Solution: This product uses nonradioactive reagents to determine the number of viable cells in the sample. Mechanistically, the reagent is reduced by the dehydroenases in living cells, giving rise to a color change, which can be read at 450 nm on a spectrophotometer microplate reader. The absorption is directly proportional to the number of viable cells, allowing an accurate quantification of cell proliferation, viability, and cytotoxicity. Our Quick Cell Counting Proliferation Testing Solution is more sensitive than MTT, XTT, and MTS-based assays.

• Easy-to-use interface
  
• No radioactive or toxic reagents are required;
  
• Enhanced stability, sensitivity, and accuracy relative to other cell counting methods.

Detection of Apoptotic

Shown below is a detection of apoptotic cells in paraffin-embedded myocardium tissue sections using A. GenScript's TUNEL Apoptosis Detection Kit (L00297) B. A competitor’s TUNEL apoptosis detection kit. Arrows indicate apoptotic cells.

Observe and analyze apoptosis by GenScript's Cell Apoptosis PI Detection Kit (L00311): P388 cells are induced apoptosis by 10 μM camptothecin for one hour at 37°C, and procedures are accomplished according with protocol as described as above. The resμlts are as follow:

Mitochondrial Apoptosis Detection Kit (Cat.No.L00291): Human P388 cells were stimulated with 4 μM camptothecin for four hours followed by incubation with the reagent in Incubation Buffer for 15 minutes prior to visualization. After washing, cell fluorescence was measured on a flow cytometry and observed with a microscopy.

Cell Proliferation Testing

Cell proliferation testing is essential in drug discovery and cytotoxicity analysis. GenScript’s Quick Cell Proliferation Testing Solution provides the easiest and the most sensitive means of assessing cell viability and cytotoxicity.