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Oxidation State

The oxidation state, or oxidation number, is the hypothetical charge of an atom if all of its bonds to different atoms were fully ionic. The oxidation state is a positive or negative number that represents the effective charge of an atom or element, and that indicates the extent or possibility of its oxidation. It describes the degree of an atom’s oxidation (loss of electrons) in a chemical compound.

A molecule or compound's oxidation state shows the observed species' overall charge. Oxidation states allow much information to be inferred from a compound or ion. Information such as potential reactivity, compound composition, and molecular structure can be inferred with relative accuracy, given the oxidation states of one or more constituent species. The determination of oxidation states is often first encountered in introductory chemistry courses.

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