Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), is a bacteria found in about 50% of all cows in the United States. Consumption of infected beef, milk or produce fertilized by manure from bacteria carrying cow can lead to MAP bacteria infection in human. MAP bacteria infection has been previously linked to the development of some autoimmune disease, for example Crohn's disease, type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. Recently, a group of researchers at the University of Central Florida recently revealed that MAP bacteria could also trigger the development of rheumatoid arthritis.
Results from this study showed that protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 and 22 (PTPN2/22) gene mutation is more common in rheumatoid arthritis patients and Crohn’s patients relative to healthy participants. Further analysis of MAP DNA in rheumatoid arthritis patients showed that patients with PTPN2/22 gene mutation had a higher chance for MAP bacteria infection. Overall, the researchers found that PTPN2/22 gene mutation could lead to immune response dysregulation, thus susceptibility to MAP bacteria and the development of rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s disease.
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