Scientists can now reprogram natural cell processes to create complex shapes, limited only by the
imagination.
Mammalian tissues folding into complex shapes within the body actually begin the process by using a simple set of instructions. Bioengineers from UC San Francisco wanted to determine it were possible to create 3-D shapes from living tissues using these simple instructions. In an article published in Developmental Cell, researchers were able to recreate different shapes by patterning mechanically active mouse or human cells into thin layers of extracellular matrix fibers. These scientists were able to create bowls, coils, and ripples out of living tissues. Most labs already use 3-D printing for tissue engineering, but most of these products usually miss key structural features that tissues require according to their developmental program. In this new approach, researchers use a precision 3-D cell patterning technology called DNA-programmed assembly of cells (DPAC) to set up the initial spatial template of tissues. The cells can then fold themselves into complex shapes that replicate how tissues reorganize themselves during development. These scientists were able to create a developmental program that can control tissue folding and tissue patterning. In the future, hopefully these findings will help us better understand the developmental process and create bioengineered tissues that can eventually help save lives.
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Engineered Tissue Folding by Mechanical Compaction of the Mesenchyme (December 2017)
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