Science Citation Index
Nearly 50 years ago, Eugene Garfield, one of the founders of bibliometrics and scientometrics, published the Science Citation Index (SCI), the first systematic effort to track citations in scientific literature. Since then citations have become a standard by which authors acknowledge the source of their methods and findings allowing citations to be used as a measure of a paper's significance.
Top 100 most cited publications
Nature recently asked Thomson Reuters, owner of the SCI, to list the 100 most highly cited papers of all time. After an extensive search of nearly 58 million items including databases covering the life sciences, social sciences, arts and humanities, conference proceedings and some books, Thomson Reuters listed the top 100 most cited work.
Important findings
- It takes a mammoth 12,119 citations to rank in the top 100 list.
- Many of the world's most famous papers, including Einstein's special theory of relativity, the determination of DNA double helix and the discovery of high-temperature superconductors did not make it to the list.
- The top 100 list has been dominated by protein biochemistry publications that include papers on protein quantification assays, protein characterization, 2D gel electrophoresis, crystallography etc.
- This list includes original publications on some popular lab techniques such as PAGE, Western blot, protein chromatography etc.
Figure 1: Graphical representation of the top 100 most cited list showing breakdown by subject. Biology lab technique papers dominate the top 100 list, followed by papers in physical chemistry and crystallography
The top 10 most cited work
|
Rank
|
Citations
|
Title
|
Subject
|
Year
|
Journal
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1
|
305,148
|
Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent.
|
Biology lab technique
|
1951
|
J. Biol. Chem.
|
|
2
|
213,005
|
Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4.
|
Biology lab technique
|
1970
|
Nature
|
|
3
|
155,530
|
A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding.
|
Biology lab technique
|
1976
|
Anal. Biochem.
|
|
4
|
65,335
|
DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors.
|
Biology lab technique
|
1977
|
Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA
|
|
5
|
60,397
|
Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction.
|
Biology lab technique
|
1987
|
Anal. Biochem.
|
|
6
|
53,349
|
Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications.
|
Biology lab technique
|
1979
|
Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA
|
|
7
|
46,702
|
Development of the Colle-Salvetti correlation-energy formula into a functional of the electron density.
|
Physical chemistry
|
1988
|
Phys. Rev. B
|
|
8
|
46,145
|
Density-functional thermochemistry. III. The role of exact exchange.
|
Physical chemistry
|
1993
|
J. Chem. Phys.
|
|
9
|
45,131
|
A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues.
|
Biology lab technique
|
1957
|
J. Biol. Chem.
|
|
10
|
40,289
|
Clustal W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice.
|
Bioinformatics
|
1994
|
Nucleic Acids Res.
|
Conclusion
- After over half a century of citation indices, some key biological lab techniques emerge as the most cited work in scientific literature.
- Methods for protein quantification, DNA sequencing, RNA isolation, PAGE, Western Blot etc. rank among the top 10.
- These seminal methods-based papers have become a standard reference that result in a high number of citations.
- Biologists tend to cite one another's work more often than in many other fields resulting in an increased number of citations in biology lab techniques.
- The reason that some world famous papers do not make it to this list is because they are often truly foundational discoveries that quickly become part of text books and daily lives becoming familiar terms that do not need a citation.
Read more details and see the full list
 |
The top 100 papers (October 2014) |
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