IgG Antibody

Overview

IgG Antibody Overview and Structure

Human IgG antibody is a divalent antibody and the most prevalent antibody in serum accounting for about 10%-20% of plasma protein. An IgG antibody comprises of heavy and light chains. It possesses the basic monomeric "H2L2" structure consisting of 2 Heavy (H) and 2 Light (L) chains. Each H chain is paired with a L chain. The heavy chain components are CH1, CH2, CH3, hinge and the VH and light chains consist of CL and the κ or λ chains. The approximate molecular weight of an IgG antibody is 150 kDa. IgG antibodies have 4 isotypes – IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4. GenScript Production Scientists have the experience in producing a variety of IgG isotypes including human IgG1, human IgG4 and mouse IgG1. To inquire about GenScript antibody production services, visit the MamPower™ Guaranteed recombinant antibody production page.

Figure 1: Basic IgG antibody structure: IgG antibody is a Y shaped molecule consisting of 2 heavy (H) chains and 2 light (L) chains folded into constant (C) and variable (V) domains. The Fab domain consists of 2 variable and 2 constant domains with the 2 variable domains making up the variable fragment (Fv). The Fv provides antigen specificity of the Ab with the constant domains providing a structural framework. Each Fv contains 3 hypervariable loops known as Complementarity Determining Regions (CDRs). It is the hyper variability of the CDRs that allow an Ab, in theory, to recognize an unlimited number of Antigens. Approximate L chain amino acid residues are 220 and MW is ~25 kDa. Approximate H chain amino acid residues are 455 and MW is ~50 kDa. One L&H chain equals ~75 kDa, thus full length IgG with both L&H chains is ~150 kDa.

IgG antibodies Isotype Comparison

IgG Antibody Key Features

Human IgG1 Antibody

Since a vast majority of all therapeutic antibodies employ an IgG1 isotype, it has become the default isotype for many antibody drug candidates. And hence, more is known about the biology and functionality of IgG1 than any other isotype. Human IgG1 antibody is generated as part of a Th1-type response to antigen. The Th1 response is characterized by production of IFN-γ which activates the bactericidal activities of macrophages and induces B cells to make antibodies, which in turn leads to cell-mediated immunity. Human IgG1 antibody can trigger phagocytosis through multiple receptors on monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils (FcγRI, FcγRIIa, FcγRIIIa). The functionality of IgG antibody can be broadly classified into two major categories.

• Activity of the Variable domain in antigen binding
• Biology of the Fc moiety and its role in carrying out effector functions

IgG1 Antibody Production and Purification Overview

Recombinant antibodies are constructed in vitro using recombinant DNA technology. Antibody genes are isolated from the appropriate source or synthesized based on sequence information. They are then cloned into expression vectors for expression in a suitable expression system. Typically, GenScript scientists use mammalian transient expression system using either HEK293 or CHO cells, to express recombinant antibodies. These cells are easy to handle, have robust growth rates, excellent transfectability and high yield recombinant antibody and protein-generation capacity. After the client provides the antibody sequence, transfection through antibody production can be accomplished in as little as 3 weeks.

Antibody Production at GenScript

GenScript production team scientists can produce a variety of antibody formats including IgG, IgA, IgM, Bispecific IgG, scFv, BiScFv and Fc fusion proteins. GenScript scientists perform a variety of optimization experiments and leverage years of collective experience to achieve high yields and deliver high quality antibodies to clients. A generic IgG1 production scheme is listed below. In order to protect client and project information, experimental details and optimization parameters have been withheld.

Schematic of IgG Antibody Production Using Transient Expression at GenScript

• IgG antibodies Gene Synthesis and Subcloning: After customer's approval, target DNA sequences are designed and synthesized. The complete sequences are subcloned into a proprietary vector for expression.
• IgG antibodies Cell Culture and Transient Transfection: Cells are grown in serum-free media. Recombinant plasmids encoding H and L chains are transiently co-transfected to suspension cell cultures. Cell culture supernatant is collected on day-5, post-transfection for SDS-PAGE analysis, in order to evaluate expression levels.
• IgG antibodies Purification and Analysis: Purification is carried out using protein A column. Eluted fractions are analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot and pooled and buffer exchanged to the final storage buffer.

Protein-A affinity chromatography purified Antibody analyzed by SDS-PAGE (left) and Western Blot of the same panel (right) under reducing and non-reducing conditions. Arrows indicate fully assembled IgG antibody as well as intermediates.

IgG Antibody Production Summary

GenScript Production Team Scientists have successfully expressed client's antibody in cell culture. LC and HC in pUC57 vector, optimized gene sequence report and purified antibody at listed amount and purity were delivered to the client along with QC data and comprehensive report.

GenScript IgG antibodies Production Service

GenScript is proud to support your IgG antibody drug discovery research. To request a quote for IgG antibody production, either visit the MamPower™ Guaranteed recombinant antibody production page or click the quote button on this page and submit your request. Our Technical Account Manager will be in touch with you to discuss your project. Please see below for a list of other GenScript Antibody Drug Discovery Services.

Antibody Drug Discovery Resources and Services

You can also view our Recombinant Antibody Service Selection Guide to identify services that are the best match for your application.

Quotations and Ordering

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