at Related Biological Terms

One type of glycoprotein moiety that is attached to the β-amide nitrogen of an asparagine residue (N-linked) and which may contain sialic acid residues at the non-reducing ends. (see also hybrid-type carbohydrate; high-mannose-type carbohydrate)

A structure formed by two or more interlinked closed circular (cc)DNAs; formation occurs between the rapid replication of a ccDNA and the slow nicking of one of the ccDNAs to release it from the others.

(see double adaptor method)

The formation of a carbon-carbon, carbon-nitrogen or carbon-sulphur bond.

An arrangement in space at an asymmetrical centre. (see also alpha (α)-configuration; conformation)

For a compound or macromolecule that has at least limited freedom of rotation about its chemical bonds, one alternative arrangement in space of its constituent atoms and groups. (see also configuration; tertiary structure)

The adjustment of a protein's tertiary structure in response to external factors (e.g. pH, temperature, solute concentration) or to binding of a ligand.

An explanation for oxidative phosphorylation that proposes that electron transport builds up a store of energy in the distorted shape of the mitochondrial inner membrane, the relaxation of which is coupled with phosphorylation of ADP. (see also chemical coupling hypothesis; chemiosmotic theory) Related tool: molecular biology tools

In organic chemistry, the interaction of double or triple bonds or aromatic groups, separated by a single bond, which delocalizes their non-bonding electrons; e.g. -CH=CH-CH=CH-, -CH=CH-CH=O. In molecular biology, conjugation is the transfer of DNA between cells, usually bacteria, by cell-to-cell contact. (see also transduction; transformation) Related tool: molecular biology tools

In molecular biology, the preservation through time of some bases in the polynucleotide sequence of an evolving gene or of some amino acids in the sequence of an evolving protein.