at Related Biological Terms

see imprinting

The array of reflections obtained by crystallography. Each reflection indicates an intensity and, by its location, the angle with respect to the incident beam. Because a sharp pattern requires the wavelength of the incident beam to be of the same order of magnitude as the regular spacings, determination of inter-atomic distances is performed by X-ray crystallography, and the X-ray diffraction pattern is used to construct a three-dimensional model of the crystal. (see also subtractive DNA cloning) Learn more about genetic code table.

A column chromatographic method for separation and concentration of components of a solution. After adsorption of the sample to be separated on to the resin in a column, all bound molecules are displaced by a concentrated solution of a displacer, whose affinity for the stationary phase must be higher than that of any of the sample molecules. As the displacer sweeps the adsorbed molecules ahead of itself, each of these becomes a displacer for any molecule of lower affinity. Thus the original components are eluted in small volumes ahead of the displacer, in reverse order with regard to their affinities for the stationary phase. Learn more about genetic code table.

Given by [A][B]/[AB], where [AB]=[A]+[B]; expressed in units of concentration. (see also association constant (Ka); pKa)

The arrangement in space of two polynucleotide chains in which each chain is wrapped around the other to form two antiparallel spirals. Each strand presents to the other the bases, purine to pyrimidine, with which it can form inter-strand hydrogen bonds. (see also A-DNA; Z-DNA)Watson, J.D and Crick, F.H.C. (1953) Nature (London) 171, 737-738 Learn more about sgRNA.

The decrease in the number of hormone receptors on a target cell that occurs after exposure to the hormone. Also, in bacterial nutrition, equivalent to down-shift.

see molecular motor

(see Sanger method (dideoxynucleotide sequencing))

A chemical technique to degrade and cleave amino acid residues sequentially from a protein beginning at the N-terminus, and to identify the residues as they are removed. Reaction of the N-terminal residue with phenylisothiocyanate cleaves it from the protein as the phenylthiohydantoin derivative, which may be isolated and identified. (see also thiocyanate degradation)Edman, P. (1950) Acta Chim. Scand. 4, 283-293 Learn more about amino acid chart.

The sequence of enzymic reactions that convert glucose into pyruvic acid; also called aerobic glycolysis. (see also glycolysis)