a Related Biological Terms

A transcription factor that enhances the production of inflammatory mediators. Association of this transcription factor with the GR complex results in decreased transcription of COX-2 genes.

See antigen-presenting cell.

See atmospheric pressure chemical ionization.

the tip or bottom

Unspecialized plant Cells that divide, near the tips of roots and shoots.

Reproduction without intervention of sexual organs.

Apolipoproteins are proteins that bind lipids (oil-soluble substances such as fat and cholesterol) to form lipoproteins. They transport lipids and fat-soluble vitamins in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and lymph. The lipid components of lipoproteins are insoluble in water. Apolipoproteins are the protein parts of cholesterol-carrying molecules, and proteins that bind to lipids to form lipoproteins, whose main function is to transport lipids. Among apolipoproteins, apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a key protein linked to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) beyond its central roles in lipid metabolism. Among the three human apolipoprotein E gene alleles, apolipoprotein E4 is the strongest genetic risk factor for AD, while apolipoprotein E2 is protective.

In flowering plants, apomixis is the process of asexual seed production. Apomixis occurs naturally in some plants, but it may also be induced by modifying sexual reproduction pathways. Currently, the term apomixis is more commonly associated with the process of asexual reproduction in higher plants (e.g., angiosperms). Advances in CRISPR/Cas9 editing tools enable targeting different reproductive modules (i.e., meiosis, fertilization, and embryogenesis) or molecular mechanisms to mimic apomixis traits. Many genes underscore apomixis, and deletion of some of these genes have replicated apomixis phenotypes (e.g., AtREC8, RKD, OsPAIR, and ZmMATL). Therefore, it is expected that inducing apomixis would require the manipulation of multiple genes or multiplexed gene editing.

in plants, the nonliving continuum formed by the extracellular pathway provided by the continuous matrix of cell walls.

composed of or related to apoplast.