a Related Biological Terms

See β galactosidase.

A neurological sign in MS in which stroking the outside sole of the foot with a pointed object causes an upward (extensor) movement of the big toe rather than the normal (flexor) bunching and downward movement of the toes.

A rod-shaped bacterium.

A bacterium that kills insects; a major component of the microbial Pesticide industry.

The process that causes reversion. A change in a nucleotide pair in a mutant gene that restores the original sequence and hence the original phenotype.

See backcross.

The cross of an individual (F1) with one of its parents (P) or an organism with the same genotype as a parent. backcrosses can be used to help identify the genotypes of the individual in a specific type of backcross called a testcross.Example:P: AA x aaF1: Aabackcross-1: Aa x AA Progeny-1: 1/2 Aa and 1/2 AAbackcross-2: Aa x aaProgeny-2: 1/2 Aa and 1/2 aa

Bacterial artificial chromosome is the technique of placing a nucleus from another source into an enucleated cell. A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) is a DNA construct based on a functional fertility plasmid (or F-plasmid) used for transforming and cloning in bacteria, usually E. coli. F-plasmids play a crucial role because they contain partition genes that promote the even distribution of plasmids after bacterial cell division. A bacterial artificial chromosome is often used in connection with DNA sequencing. Segments of an organism's DNA, ranging from 100,000 to about 300,000 base pairs, can be inserted into BACs. The BACs, with their inserted DNA, are then taken up by bacterial cells. As the bacterial cells grow and divide, they amplify the BAC DNA, which can then be isolated and used in sequencing DNA.

A continuous cover of bacteria on the surface of a growth medium.

A Class of antibiotics that kills bacterial Cells.