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a Related Biological Terms:

autotroph

A cell that can sustain itself on non-organic nutrients, e.g. a photosynthetic cell.

autotrophic

In microbiology, descriptive of organisms able to grow on inorganic material alone. (see also heterotrophic; mixotrophic)

auxin

A type of plant hormone that affects cell size, e.g. indoleacetic acid.

axial

Descriptive of the orientation of a substituent on a six-membered ring that is perpendicular to the plane of the ring; the opposite of equatorial, which is the orientation substantially within the plane of the ring. (see also chair form)

axial ratio

A measure of the asymmetry of a macromolecule, assumed to be an ellipsoid, given by the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis; it is evaluated from physical properties, e.g. hydrodynamic behaviour, light scattering.

axon

A long projection of a neuron through which it communicates with other cells.

axoneme

The fundamental structural unit of eukaryotic flagella and cilia; it is composed of nine microtubular doublets (in cross-section a microtubule with another fused to it) surrounding two microtubule singlets. (see also triplet)

axoplasm

The cytoplasm of an axon.

B-DNA

A right-handed helix; the dominant conformational variant of DNA in solution, in which the base pairs are stacked nearly perpendicular to the axis of the helix. (see also A-DNA; Z-DNA) Check our posts: Next Generation Sequencing

BAC

(= BACterial artificial chromosome (BAC))

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If you know of any terms that have been omitted from this glossary that you feel would be useful to include, please send detail to the Editorial Office at GenScript: [email protected]

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