at Related Biological Terms

The divergence of several new types of organisms from a single ancestral type.

The energy molecule of cells, synthesized mainly in mitochondria and chloroplasts; energy from the breakdown of ATP drives many important reactions in the cell.

In a reciprocal translocation heterozygote during meiosis the segregation of a translocated and a normal chromosome together, giving unbalanced gametes with duplications and deficiencies leading to non-viable zygotes. Adjacent segregation is of two kinds depending on whether non-homologous (adjacent-1) or homologous (adjacent-2) centromeres segregate together. adjacent-1 segregation is the usual type of adjacent segregation, adjacent-2 segregation is rare.

segregation of non-homologous centromeres during meiosis in a reciprocal translocation heterozygote such that unbalanced gametes with duplications and deficiencies are produced. See alternate segregation and adjacent-2 segregation.

segregation of homologous centromeres during meiosis in a translocation heterozygote such that unbalanced gametes with duplications and deficiencies are produced. See alternate segregation and adjacent-1 segregation.

The process in which glucose is converted into CO2 and H2O in the presence of oxygen, releasing large amounts of ATP. This process includes the Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, and oxidative phosphorylation.

Individuals related by blood, each of whom is affected with the same trait. Examples are affected sibling, cousin, and avuncular pairs.

(noun) - collection of units or particles (e.g., cells) forming a body or mass.(verb) - to form such a body or mass.

Groups of cells that are attached together.

A technique used in model organism studies in which embryos at the 8-cell stage of development are pushed together to yield a single embryo (used as an alternative to microinjection).