Custom Peptide Modifications
The peptide modification services at GenScript offer a wide range of modifications to meet any research need. These modifications can improve overall peptide stability, alter structure to better understand biological function, or enhance immunogenicity for antibody development and production. In addition to a variety of terminus and internal modifications, GenScript's services include peptide labeling and conjugations for imaging and detection needs.
For a list of our available modifications, select the modification options below:
| 5-FAM | BSA (-NH2 of N terminal) | Hexanoic acid | PEN |
| 5-FAM-Ahx | CBZ | HYNIC | Stearic acid |
| Abz | Dansyl | KLH (-NH2 of N terminal) | Succinylation |
| Acetylation | Dansyl-Ahx | Lauric acid | TMR |
| Acryl | Decanoic acid | Lipoic acid | |
| Alloc | DTPA | Maleimide | |
| Benzoyl | Fatty Acid | MCA | |
| Biotin | FITC | Myristoyl | |
| Biotin-Ahx | FITC-Ahx | Octanoic acid | |
| BOC | Fmoc | OVA (-NH2 of N terminal) | |
| Br-Ac- | Formylation | Palmitoyl |
| AFC | MAPS Asymmetric 2 branches |
| AMC | MAPS Asymmetric 4 branches |
| Amidation | MAPS Asymmetric 8 branches |
| BSA (-COOH of C terminal) | Me |
| Bzl | NHEt |
| Cysteamide | NHisopen |
| Ester (OEt) | NHMe |
| Ester (OMe) | OSU |
| Ester (OtBu) | OVA (-COOH of C terminal) |
| Ester (OTBzl) | p-Nitroanilide |
| KLH (-COOH of C terminal) | tBu |
| {d-ALA} Alanine |
{NVA} Norvaline |
{pTYR} Phosphorylation (TYR) |
{Lys(biotin)} Biotin Lysine |
{D-2-Nal} | {L-4-Pal} | {Mini-PEG1} | {PEG2} NH 2-(PEG)2-CH2COOH |
| {d-ARG} Arginine |
{d-NVA} Norvaline |
{gamma-GLU} Gamma-GLU |
{Cys(Acm)} Cysteine (Acm) |
{D-3-Pal} | {Lys(5-FAM)} | {Met(O)} Methionine sulfoxide |
{PEG6} NH 2-(PEG)6-CH2CH2COOH |
| {d-ASN} Asparagine |
{ORN} Ornithine |
{d-gamma-GLU} D-Gamma-GLU |
{Cys(tBu)} Cysteine (tBu) |
{D-4-F-Phe} | {Lys(Dansyl)} | {Met(O)2} Methionine sulfone |
{PEG11} NH 2-(PEG)11-CH2COOH |
| {d-ASP} Aspartic Acid |
{d-ORN} Ornithine |
{CIT} Citrulline |
{d-1-NAL} (D) 1-Nal |
{D-4-I-Phe} | {Lys(FITC)} | {Cpg} Cyclopentylglycine |
{PEG12} NH 2-(PEG)12-CH2CH2COOH |
| {d-CYS} Cysteine |
{PEN} Penicillamine |
{nme-ALA} N-methylated ALA |
{L-1-NAL} (L) 1-NAL |
{D-4-NO2-Phe} | {Lys(Me)} | {Pra} Propargylglycine |
Dab(Dnp) |
| {d-GLU} Glutamic Acid |
{d-PEN} Penicillamine |
{nme-ILE} N-methylated Isoleucine |
{d-2-PAL} (D) 2-PAL |
{D-4-Pal} | {Lys(Me2)} | {Tic} 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquin oline-3-carboxylic acid |
Dap(Dnp) |
| {d-GLN} Glutamine |
{d-PHE} Phenylalanine |
{nme-LEU} N-methylated Leucine |
{L-2-PAL} (L) 2-PAL |
{D-Beta-Asp} | {Lys(Me3)} | {Sec} Selenocysteine |
Dpa |
| {HCY} Homocysteine |
{d-PRO} Proline |
{nme-PHE} N-methylated Phenylalanine |
{d-4-CL-PHE} (D) 4-CL-PHE |
{D-Cha} | {Lys(TMR)} | {Se-Met} Selenomethionine |
Lys(Dde) |
| {d-HIS} Histidine |
{d-SER} Serine |
{nme-VAL} N-methylated Valine |
{L-4-CL-PHE} (L) 4-CL-PHE |
{D-Chg} | {NMe-Asp} | {Lys(N3)} Azido-Lysine |
Lys(ivdde) |
| {HSE} Homoserine |
{d-THR} Threonine |
{nme-SER} N-methylated Serine |
{ABU} Abu |
{D-Cit} | {NMe-Glu} | {Beta-HomoLeu} Beta-HomoLeucine |
Oic |
| {d-HSE} Homoserine |
{d-TRP} Tryptophan |
{nme-THR} N-methylated Threonine |
{AIB} Aib |
{Dab} | {NMe-Nle} | {Cys(Cam)} Carboxyamidomethy lated Cysteine |
Pip |
| {d-ILE} Isoleucine |
{d-TYR} Tyrosine |
{nme-TYR} N-methylated Tyrosine |
{MPA} Mpa |
{Dap} | {NMe-Nva} | {Arg(Me)} Methylation at the side chain of Arginine |
Tle |
| {d-LEU} Leucine |
{d-VAL} Valine |
{alpha-ABA} Alpha Amino-Butyric Acid |
{HYP} Hydroxy Proline |
{L-2-Nal} | {Phg} | {ADMA} Arg(Me)2 asymmetrical |
|
| {d-LYS} Lysine |
{pGLU} Pyroglutamate |
{Beta-Asp} Beta-ASP |
{Lys-Ac} Acetylation at the side chain |
{L-3-Pal} | {Ser(octanoic-acid)} | {SDMA} Arg(Me)2 symmetrical |
|
| {d-MET} Methionine |
{Lys(Dnp)} Dinitrobenzylation (LYS) |
{Ac-LYS} Acetylation at alpha amine group |
{Cha} | {L-4-F-Phe} | {d-HCY} Homocysteine |
{Beta-Ala} Beta-Alanine |
|
| {NLE} Norleucine |
{pTHR} Phosphorylation (THR) |
{2-Me-ALA} 2-Methyl Alanine |
{Chg} | {L-4-I-Phe} | {d-pGLU} Pyroglutamate |
{GABA} 4-Aminobutyric acid |
|
| {d-NLE} Norleucine |
{pSER} Phosphorylation (SER) |
{nme-GLY} N-methylated Glycine |
{D-2-Me-Trp} | {L-4-NO2-Phe} | {nme-MET} N-methylated Methionine |
{Ahx} 6-amino-hexanoic acid |
| Arg(13C6,15N4) |
| Ile(13C6,15N) |
| Leu(13C6,15N) |
| Lys(13C6,15N2) |
| Val(13C5,15N) |
| 1-Pyrenemethylamine HCL | FITC (N-Terminal) |
| 5-FAM (N-Terminal) | FITC-Ahx (N-Terminal) |
| 5-FAM-Ahx (N-Terminal) | Glu(EDANS)-NH2 |
| Abz (N-Terminal) | MCA (N-Terminal) |
| Abz/DNP | MCA/DNP |
| Abz/Tyr (3-NO2) | Quenched fluorescent peptide |
| DABCYL | Tyr (3-NO2) |
| DABCYL/Glu(EDANS)-NH2 | TMR |
| Dansyl (N-Terminal) | AMC |
| Dansyl-Ahx (N-Terminal) | |
| EDANS/DABCYL |
| BSA (-COOH of C terminal) |
| BSA Conjugation on cysteine |
| KLH (-NH2 of N terminal) |
| KLH Conjugation on cysteine |
| OVA (-COOH of C terminal) |
| OVA (-NH2 of N terminal) |
| OVA Conjugation on cysteine |
| MAPS | PEGylation | Cyclic modifications | Disulfide Bridges | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MAPS Asymmetric 2 branches (C-Terminal) | Mini-PEG1 | Head to tail Cyclic | Disulfide Bridge | BOC |
| MAPS Asymmetric 4 branches (C-Terminal) | Mini-PEG2 | Double Disulfide bridge | tBu | |
| MAPS Asymmetric 8 branches (C-Terminal) | {PEG2} NH 2-(PEG)2-CH2COOH |
Mono Disulfide bridge | Succinylation | |
| {PEG6} NH 2-(PEG)6-CH2CH2COOH |
Triple Disulfide Bridge | Me | ||
| {PEG11} NH 2-(PEG)11-CH2COOH |
p-Nitroanilide | |||
| {PEG12} NH 2-(PEG)12-CH2CH2COOH |
p-Nitroanilide |
Express peptide services consist of fast and rush peptide synthesis services(SC1845/SC1848), the available modifications for express peptide synthesis services are listed:
N-terminal modifications
| BSA conjugation on N terminal –NH2 | KLH conjugation on N terminal –NH2 | OVA conjugation on N terminal –NH2 |
| 5-FAM | 5-FAM-Ahx | Acetylation |
| Biotin-Ahx | Biotin-Ahx | FITC-Ahx |
| Succinylation |
C-terminal modifications
| BSA conjugation on C terminal –COOH | KLH conjugation on C terminal –COOH |
| OVA conjugation on C terminal –COOH | Amidation |
Other modifications
| BSA conjugation on cysteine | KLH conjugation on cysteine | OVA conjugation on cysteine |
| Amidation | Cysteamide |
Special amino acids
| {d-ALA} Alanine |
{d-ARG} Arginine |
{d-ASN} Asparagine |
{d-ASP} Aspartic Acid |
{d-CYS} Cysteine |
{d-GLU} Glutamic Acid |
{d-GLN} Glutamine |
{HCY} Homocysteine |
| {d-HIS} Histidine |
{HSE} Homoserine |
{d-HSE} Homoserine |
{d-ILE} Isoleucine |
{d-LEU} Leucine |
{d-LYS} Lysine |
{d-MET} Methionine |
{NLE} Norleucine |
| {d-NLE} Norleucine |
{NVA} Norvaline |
{d-NVA} Norvaline |
{ORN} Ornithine |
{d-ORN} Ornithine |
{PEN} Penicillamine |
{d-PEN} Penicillamine |
{d-PHE} Phenylalanine |
| {d-PRO} Proline |
{d-SER} Serine |
{d-THR} Threonine |
{d-TRP} Tryptophan |
{d-TYR} Tyrosine |
{d-VAL} Valine |
{pGLU} Pyroglutamate |
{Lys(Dnp)} Dinitrobenzylation (LYS) |
| {gamma-GLU} Gamma-GLU |
{d-gamma-GLU} D-Gamma-GLU |
{CIT} Citrulline |
{Ac-LYS} Acetylation at alpha amine group |
{Lys(biotin)} Biotin Lysine |
{d-1-NAL} (D) 1-Nal |
{L-1-NAL} (L) 1-NAL |
{d-2-PAL} (D) 2-PAL |
| {L-2-PAL} |
{d-4-CL-PHE} |
{L-4-CL-PHE} |
{ABU} |
{AIB} |
{HYP} |
{Lys-Ac} |
{Cha} |
| (L) 2-PAL | (D) 4-CL-PHE | (L) 4-CL-PHE | Abu | Aib | Hydroxy Proline | Acetylation at the side chain | |
| {Chg} |
{D-2-Nal} |
{D-3-Pal} |
{D-4-F-Phe} |
{D-4-I-Phe} |
{D-4-NO2-Phe} |
{D-4-Pal} |
{D-Cha} |
| {D-Chg} |
{Dab} |
{Dap} |
{L-2-Nal} |
{L-3-Pal} |
{L-4-F-Phe} |
{L-4-I-Phe} |
{L-4-NO2-Phe} |
| {L-4-Pal} |
{Phg} |
{d-HCY} Homocysteine |
{d-pGLU} Pyroglutamate |
{Beta-Ala} Beta-Alanine |
{GABA} 4-Aminobutyric acid |
{Ahx} 6-amino-hexanoic acid |
{Met(O)} Methionine sulfoxide |
| {Met(O)2} Methionine sulfone |
{Cpg} Cyclopentylglycine |
{PEG2} NH2-(PEG)2-CH2COOH |
{PEG6} NH2-(PEG)6-CH2CH2COOH |
{PEG11} NH2-(PEG)11-CH2COOH |
{PEG12} NH2-(PEG)12-CH2CH2COOH |
{Lys(N3)} |
{Tic } |
Phosphorylation
| {pSER} |
| {pTYR} |
| {pTHR} |
* For your convenience, modifications can easily be added when you request a quote online. If you don't find the modification you are looking for, feel free to your technical account manager for more information.
If the peptide is from an internal sequence of a protein, terminal amidation (C-terminus) or acetylation (N-terminus) will remove its charge and help it imitate its natural structure (amide, CONH2). In addition, this modification makes the resulting peptide more stable towards enzymatic degradation resulting from exopeptidases.
For C-terminal labeling of biotin, a Lys residue is added to the C-terminus of the peptide. Biotin is then attached to the lysine side chain via amide bond. The positive charge of the lysine is then removed.
Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) is an activated precursor used for fluorescein labeling. For efficient N-terminal labeling, a seven-atom aminohexanoyl spacer (NH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH) is inserted between the fluorophore (fluoroscein) and the N-terminus of the peptide.
Peptide cyclization can be achieved through creating disulfide bridges between cysteine residues on the peptide. This is a challenging practice for peptide containing multiple cysteine residues due to random formations of disulfide bridges between them. GenScript is able to build disulfide bridges between cysteine at specified positions. We are able to introduce up to three customized disulfide bridges on one peptide.
Phosphopeptides can assist in the investigation of the influences of phosphorylation on peptides and protein structure and in the understanding of regulatory processes mediated by protein kinases. GenScript has successfully synthesized numerous serine-, threonine-, and tyrosine-phosphopeptides. For peptides containing one or more of these hydroxy-amino acids, selective phosphorylation can be achieved by orthogonal protection or by Fmoc-protected phosphorylated amino acids.
Delivery Specifications
All peptide synthesis is subject to GenScript's stringent quality control. The typical delivery consists of lyophilized peptide of the required sequence, purity, and quantity and associated QC reports.
Related services
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