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siderophore

Siderophores are small molecular iron chelators that are produced by microbes and whose most notable function is to sequester iron from the host and provide this essential metal nutrient to microbes.

Siderophores (Greek: "iron carrier") are low-molecular-mass and high-affinity iron-chelating compounds that bind to ferric ions and facilitate their absorption by the micro-organisms that produce them; e.g., enterobactin, the catechol derivative of some bacteria, and ferrichrome, the hydroxamate compound of some fungi.

Siderophores are secondary metabolites produced by different organisms to scavenge iron from their surrounding environment making this essential element available to the cell. These siderophore receptors and BtuB are β-barrel monomeric proteins comprising 22 transmembrane β-strands each. Siderophores have crucial functions for bacteria in iron acquisition and as virulence factors.

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