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antibody assays

An antibody assay is a lab test used to check for the presence of antibodies in a sample of blood, urine, tissue, or other material. This test can be used diagnostically to see if a patient has antibodies indicative of exposure to or infection with a given pathogen. It can also be used in biomedical research.

Several companies make antibody assay kits for labs, packaging all the tools for common tests using established methods for convenience. Labs can also use their own protocols and materials if they prefer this or if a commercial kit is unavailable.

The methodology used for an antibody assay can vary, depending on the technique used. In all cases, the sample is taken and mixed with a material containing an antigen. If the sample includes reactive antibodies, the antigen will bind to them. Another substance bound to the antigen is designed to act as a tag or flag; a typical example is a fluorescent tag that will illuminate when the test is viewed under special lighting.

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