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antisense RNA

Antisense RNAs are a type of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) that regulate gene expression through different mechanisms. For example, the binding of a single-stranded antisense RNA to its complementary messenger RNA (mRNA) may inhibit translation or lead to its degradation. Antisense RNA or natural regulatory RNA molecules are commonly small molecules and were first discovered in bacteria in 1967. Nevertheless, natural antisense RNAs have been identified in many organisms.

Antisense RNA mechanisms and synthetic oligonucleotides are being leveraged as therapeutics for various diseases, including cancer. RNA targeting therapeutics such as antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) reduce protein expression by targeting mRNA for degradation, inhibiting translation, or preventing mRNA maturation. To silence mRNA through the induction of RNAi in the cytoplasm, different RNA oligonucleotides may be used, such as microRNA and short interfering RNA (siRNA).

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