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beta oxidation

Beta oxidation is the process by which fats, in the form of acyl-CoA molecules, are broken down in the mitochondria to generate acetyl-CoA, the entry molecule for the Krebs cycle.

There are four reactions in the process, and these reactions repeat until the entire fatty acid chain has been converted into individual acetyl-CoA molecules. Each of these molecules is then processed for energy. This process occurs in the mitochondria of the cell.

The molecules involved in beta oxidation include the fatty acid chain, and coenzyme A. Coenzyme A reacts with the fatty acid chain to produce fatty acyl-CoA. The fatty acid chain is now activated and ready to be processed.

Beta oxidation is regulated by malonyl-CoA. This is an enzyme that prevents fatty acyl-CoA from entering the mitochondria. By controlling the molecules that transport fatty acyl-coA into the mitochondria, beta oxidation can be initiated or stopped. When there is a need for more energy, malonyl-CoA usually will allow fatty acyl-CoA to be transported into the mitochondria. The molecule that malonyl-CoA targets is called carnitine acyltranferase.

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