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beta-Lactamase

Beta-lactamases are bacterial enzymes that catalyze the degradation of beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g., Penicillin, Cephalosporin). Beta-lactamases are classified into four molecular classes (i.e., A-D) based on amino acid sequence homology. Production of beta-lactamases is the most common form of antibiotic resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in gram-negative bacteria.

Beta-lactam antibiotics inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis, a critical component of the bacterial cell wall. The high frequency of bacterial resistance has been in part driven by antibiotic misuse, which has created a strong pressure for bacteria to counteract the bactericidal effects of beta-lactams. Beta-lactamase encoding genes reside in plasmids and spread among pathogenic bacteria through horizontal gene transfer (e.g., conjugation).

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