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Pronucleus

A pronucleus is the nucleus of a sperm or an egg cell during fertilization. Pronucleus can also be comprehended as the haploid nucleus of a male or female gamete (such as an egg or sperm) up to the time of fusion with that of another gamete in fertilization.

The male pronucleus is associated with the sperm centrosome, whose centrioles organize an aster (a starlike microtubular structure), which slowly drives the male pronucleus from its cortical position toward the egg pronucleus until they meet and fuse around the middle of the egg. However, the female pronucleus is not a passive partner; it also goes the “extra mile” to meet the male partner by moving along the microtubules of the sperm aster. The female pronuclei undergo a passive demethylation process due to the lack of a DNMT1 enzyme in the zygote, resulting in the failure of DNA methylation maintenance from parental strands to daughter strands during DNA replication.

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