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replicase

Replicase is an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a complementary RNA molecule using an RNA template. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) or RNA replicase is an enzyme that catalyzes the replication of RNA from an RNA template.

Replicase is also a nucleic acid-synthesizing enzyme involved in reproducing a nucleic acid genome. This term is often applied to the small, specialized polymerases encoded by viral genomes. Replicase plays an important role in biological activities. For example, replicase 1a gene plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus.

The genome replication of positive-strand RNA viruses depends on their own RNA replicase complexes. Substantial advances in the experimental approaches used to determine the composition of the viral replicase complexes revealed that the replicase complexes of eukaryotic positive-strand RNA viruses are assembled in a host-membrane-derived microenvironment and that this process is regulated by orchestrated interactions between viral proteins, viral genomic RNAs, and co-opted host factors, including molecular chaperones, RNA-binding proteins, and proteins associated with membrane remodeling and lipid synthesis.

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