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afferent arteriole

The afferent arterioles are a group of blood vessels that supply the nephrons in many excretory systems. They play an essential role in regulating blood pressure as a part of the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism. In other words, the afferent arteriole is an arteriole that feeds blood into the glomerulus.

The afferent arterioles lead into a glomerulus, a tuft of about 50 capillary loops that eventually coalesce to the efferent arterioles.

The afferent and efferent arterioles are innervated by sympathetic neurons; however, the sympathetic tone is minimal when the extracellular fluid volume is normal. Microperfused afferent arterioles of the glomerulus have cellular heterogeneity in the z-axis dimension, i.e., a single layer of smooth muscle cells surrounding an endothelial cell layer, rather than heterogeneity in the xy plane as in the cortical collecting duct.

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