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osteolysis

Osteolysis refers to the progressive degeneration of bone tissue due to bone matrix resorption by osteoclasts. Increased osteolysis leads to bone mineral loss or demineralization (e.g., Calcium). It may occur near prosthetics (i.e., Periprosthetic osteolysis) and is associated with some diseases, such as bone tumors and inflammatory conditions (e.g., Psoriatic arthritis, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and Crohn’s disease).

The extent of osteolysis is dependent on the number and activity of osteoclasts. Major molecular regulators of osteoclast abundance include the ligand for receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANKL), Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and osteoprotegerin (OPG). Immune cells and their derived cytokines (e.g., TNF, IL-1, and IL-17) play a critical role in regulating osteoclast activity and, thereby, the extent of osteolysis.

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